Agriculture is the backbone of Uganda’s economy, contributing 24% to GDP, 48% to export earnings, and livelihoods for 80% of households (PARM). While pesticides have boosted crop yields and food security, concerns are rising about their impact on human health and the environment.
The overuse of pesticides in Uganda has led to high pesticide residues in crops, raising alarms about potential toxicity,especially when not following good agricultural practices. This has fueled debate about the safety of consuming pesticide-enhanced food and its potential public health implications.
Long-term exposure to pesticide residues in food and direct exposure for farmers can lead to a range of health issues,from acute nausea and dizziness to chronic conditions like cancer, neurodevelopmental disorders, and hormone disruption. Additionally, the excessive use of pesticides has economic consequences, including rejection of agricultural products in European markets, harm to farm animals, and degradation of soil quality.
A 2022 study in Kampala found alarmingly high pesticide residues in fruits and vegetables, with children being the most vulnerable. This finding is particularly troubling given the reported surge in cancer cases at the Uganda Cancer Institute,now reaching 7,000-8,000 annually, up from 3,000 a decade ago. With numerous studies linking certain pesticides to cancer, questions arise about the potential role of pesticide exposure in this increase.
Rapid market liberalization and weak regulation enforcement have led to a proliferation of low-quality and counterfeit agro-chemicals in Uganda. Consumer education is crucial to empower Ugandans with knowledge about safe food handling, washing produce thoroughly, and making informed choices to minimize potential risks.
While the government has taken steps to regulate pesticide use and set maximum residue limits, enforcement and monitoring remain inadequate. Plans for the government to become the sole importer of pesticides are a positive move to combat counterfeit products. However, a robust regulatory framework must be complemented by effective surveillance to ensure food safety.
Farmers need education on proper pesticide use and access to formal supply channels for genuine agro-chemicals.Striking a balance between agricultural productivity and consumer health requires collaborative efforts from policymakers, farmers, and consumers.
Embracing sustainable agricultural practices that minimize pesticide use and prioritize environmental and human health is essential for Uganda’s future. Together, we can ensure that the food on Ugandan tables is not only abundant but also safe for generations to come.
