Policy Brief on Energy Transition and the Legal Preparedness for a Just and Sustainable Future in Uganda

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Uganda stands at a transformative crossroads in its energy journey, striving to move away from a fossil-fuel-dominated model toward a cleaner, more inclusive future. The unveiling of Uganda’s Energy Transition Plan (ETP) at COP28 in 2023 marked a milestone in the country’s commitment to climate action and sustainable development. With ambitious targets, including universal access to electricity and clean cooking by 2030, an expansion of renewable energy capacity to 52 GW by 2040, and achieving carbon neutrality by 2050, the ETP reflects both national aspirations and global obligations under the Paris Agreement and the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).

Yet, the path to a just and sustainable energy future is not without obstacles. Legal, regulatory, environmental, and social challenges continue to impede progress. Landmark lawsuits, such as those filed against Total Energies over the Tilenga and East African Crude Oil Pipeline (EACOP) projects, have spotlighted critical gaps in Uganda’s legal and institutional frameworks. As the country navigates this pivotal moment, there is an urgent need for strengthened governance, inclusive policymaking, and community-centered solutions to ensure that the transition benefits all Ugandans, especially the most vulnerable.